5.2.1 Cells and Batteries

Cells and batteries play a crucial role in providing portable sources of electricity. They operate through chemical reactions that produce and storeThe stage where the CPU saves the result of the execution back into memory or registers. electrical energy.

Cells and their Voltage

Cells are devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy. The voltage produced by a cell depends on various factors, including the types of electrodes (usually metals) and the electrolyte (a solution that allows the flow of ions). Different combinations of electrodes and electrolytes can result in different voltages.

Simple Cells

A simple cell can be created by connecting two different metals in contact with an electrolyte. This combination sets up a chemical reaction where one metal acts as the positive electrode (cathode) and the other metal as the negative electrode (anode). The electrolyte facilitates the movement of ions between the electrodes.

Batteries

Batteries consist of two or more cells connected together in series, meaning the positive electrode of one cell is connected to the negative electrode of the next cell. This arrangement increases the overall voltage produced by the battery.

Non-Rechargeable Cells and Batteries

Non-rechargeable cells and batteries, also known as primary cells or disposable batteries, are designed for single-use. The chemical reactions within these cells stop when one of the reactants is fully consumed. Alkaline batteries, such as the common AA or AAA batteries, fall into this category.

Rechargeable Cells and Batteries

Rechargeable cells and batteries, also called secondary cells or accumulators, can be recharged by supplying an external electrical current that reverses the chemical reactions within the cell. This allows the reactants to be replenished and the battery to be used multiple times. Examples include lithium-ion batteries used in laptops and smartphones.