2.2.5 Polymers

In this lesson, we will explore the characteristics of polymers, including their large molecule size, strong covalent bonds, and solid state at room temperature.

Large Molecules

Polymers are characterised by their very large molecules. These molecules consist of repeating units, called monomers, linked together by strong covalent bonds. The process of joining these monomers to form a polymer is known as polymerisation. The resulting polymer molecule can contain thousands or even millions of monomer units.

Strong Covalent Bonds

Within a polymer molecule, the atoms are linked to other atoms by strong covalent bonds. Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, creating a stable molecular structure. The presence of these strong covalent bonds contributes to the overall strength and stability of the polymer.

Intermolecular Forces

While the covalent bonds within a polymer molecule are strong, the intermolecular forces between polymer molecules play a significant role in determining the physical properties of the polymer. These intermolecular forces, such as dipole-dipole interactions or van der Waals forces, are relatively strong compared to those found in small molecules. As a result, polymers often exist as solids at room temperature due to the cohesive forces between the polymer chains.

Recognising Polymers

Polymers often have a repetitive pattern of monomer units connected by covalent bonds.

Conclusion

Polymers are characterised by their large molecule size, strong covalent bonds within the polymer chains, and relatively strong intermolecular forces between the polymer molecules. These factors contribute to the solid state of polymers at room temperature.