2.2.3 Question 3: 12 Marks

In this lesson, you’ll master Paper 2, Question 3: analysing how a writer uses language in a specified section of one source. We’ll select precise words and devices, explain their effects and tone, and structure clear paragraphs to meet AO2 and secure up to 12 marks.

In Question 3, you will be directed to one of the two sources (either A or B, typically whichever has rich descriptive or persuasive language) and asked to analyse how the writer uses language to achieve a certain effect. The question prompt usually says: “Now refer only to Source [A or B], lines X–Y. How does the writer use language to [describe/portray/show or influence the reader about] ___?” For example, it could be “How does the writer use language to describe the busy marketplace?” or “…to influence the reader’s opinion of the city?”

This question is worth 12 marks and targets AO2 (language analysis). It’s similar to Paper 1’s language question but on a non-fiction text. You need to explain how the writer’s choice of words and literary techniques create certain impressions on the reader or convey the writer’s viewpoint. You need to cover:

• Words and phrases: Look for powerful nouns, verbs, adjectives, or adverbs that stand out. Why did the writer choose those words? What connotations or imagery do they evoke?
• Language devices: Identify any metaphors, similes, personification, alliteration, rhetorical questions, hyperbole, or other devices if present. How do these techniques add to the effect or meaning?
• Tone and register: Is the language formal, informal, humorous, sarcastic, angry, enthusiastic, etc.? How does that tone impact the reader? For instance, a sarcastic tone might make the reader question something or feel a certain way.
• Sentence structure (if relevant): Sometimes very short sentences or very long, complex sentences can be a deliberate choice. For example, a short, blunt sentence can emphasise a stark truth, or a long winding sentence might convey breathlessness or overwhelming detail. You don’t have to comment on structure unless it clearly ties into the effect and language used.
• The effect on the reader: Always link your analysis back to how these language choices make the reader imagine something, feel a certain emotion, or understand the writer’s perspective. For example: “The writer uses the metaphor ‘the classroom was a prison’ which suggests the student felt trapped and unhappy, making the reader sympathise with her situation.”