6.1.7 Inherited Disorders

In this lesson, we will explore inherited disorders as a type of genetic condition that is passed down from parents to offspring through the inheritance of certain alleles.

Inherited Disorders

Inherited disorders are genetic conditions that are passed down from parents to offspring through the inheritance of certain alleles. The presence of specific alleles determines the occurrence and characteristics of these disorders. Some examples of inherited disorders include:

• Polydactyly: Polydactyly is a condition characterised by the presence of extra fingers or toes. It is caused by a dominant allele, which means that a person needs to inherit only one copy of the allele from either parent to express the trait.
• Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis is a disorder that affects the function of cell membranes, particularly those involved in producing mucus, sweat, and digestive fluids. It is caused by a recessive allele, which means that an individual must inherit two copies of the allele (one from each parent) to develop the disorder.

Economic, Social, and Ethical Issues of Embryo Screening

Embryo screening, also known as preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), is a technique used during in vitro fertilisation (IVF) to screen embryos for genetic disorders before they are implanted in the uterus. This procedure allows parents to select embryos without certain inherited disorders.

Informed Judgments:

When considering embryo screening, it is important to engage in informed discussions and make judgments regarding the economic, social, and ethical implications. Some key considerations include the following:

• Economic Impact: The cost of embryo screening and associated technologies may limit access for some individuals or communities, raising concerns about equitable healthcare access.
• Social Impact: Embryo screening raises questions about the perception and acceptance of individuals with genetic disorders in society. It also raises debates about creating a "designer baby" culture.
• Ethical Considerations: Ethical debates involve concerns about the selection and possible discrimination against individuals with genetic disorders, as well as the potential misuse of the technology.

Alleviating Suffering:

Embryo screening offers the potential to identify embryos carrying genetic disorders, allowing parents to make informed decisions about the implantation of embryos that may alleviate suffering in their future children. By selecting embryos without certain inherited disorders, the aim is to prevent the manifestation of severe medical conditions and improve the quality of life for the child.

• Ethical Issues: Embryo screening raises complex ethical questions. Some concerns include the potential for creating a societal preference for certain genetic traits, discrimination against individuals with genetic disorders, and the potential for using the technology for non-medical purposes or eugenics. Ethical considerations emphasise the importance of balancing the pursuit of genetic health with respect for individual autonomy, justice, and the well-being of society as a whole.

Conclusion

Inherited disorders are caused by the inheritance of certain alleles, which can result in a range of genetic conditions. Understanding the genetic basis of these disorders enables us to make informed judgments about the economic, social, and ethical issues surrounding embryo screening.