Principle 1
Dual Coding
Students understand and remember more when words and visuals support each other.
Knowness pairs explanations with diagrams, figures, worked examples, and visual cues so students can build stronger mental models instead of relying on text alone.
Diagrams and figures sit beside the explanation they support.
Captions, labels, and worked examples make abstract ideas easier to inspect.
Students can move between reading, seeing, and practising without changing tools.
Lesson explanation
Words and visuals together
A diagram sits beside the explanation, so the student can connect the label, image, and idea at the same time.
Caption
Visual cues make the concept easier to recall later.