(AQA) GCSE Chemistry – Knowness

Welcome to the GCSE Chemistry study guide for the AQA exam board! This study guide is structured to cover all of the topics in the AQA specification, providing you with all of the essential information you need for your GCSE examinations.

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GCSE Chemistry 2 Topics Sample Module

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Introduction to GCSE Chemistry

Assessment Structure

1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table

1.1 A Simple Model of the Atom, Symbols, Relative Atomic Mass, Electronic Charge and Isotopes 7 Topics Sample Module

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1.1.1 Atoms, Elements and Compounds

1.1.3 The Development of the Model of the Atom

1.1.4 Relative Electrical Charges of Subatomic Particles

1.1.5 Size and Mass of Atoms

1.1.6 Relative Atomic Mass

1.1.7 Electronic Structure

1.2 The Periodic Table 6 Topics

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1.2.1 The Periodic Table

1.2.2 Development of the Periodic Table

1.2.3 Metals and Non-metals

1.3 Properties of Transition Metals 2 Topics

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1.3.1 Comparison with Group 1 Elements

1.3.2 Typical Properties

2: Bonding, Structure, and the Properties of Matter

2.1 Chemical Bonds, Ionic, Covalent and Metallic 5 Topics

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2.1.1 Chemical Bonds

2.1.2 Ionic Bonding

2.1.3 Ionic Compounds

2.1.4 Covalent Bonding

2.1.5 Metallic Bonding

2.2 How Bonding and Structure are Related to the Properties of Substances 8 Topics

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2.2.1 The Three States of Matter

2.2.2 State Symbols

2.2.3 Properties of Ionic Compounds

2.2.4 Properties of Small Molecules

2.2.6 Giant Covalent Structures

2.2.7 Properties of Metals and Alloys

2.2.8 Metals as Conductors

2.3 Structure and Bonding of Carbon 3 Topics

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2.3.3 Graphene and Fullerenes

2.4 Bulk and Surface Properties of Matter including Nanoparticles 2 Topics

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2.4.1 Sizes of Particles and their Properties

2.4.2 Uses of Nanoparticles

3: Quantitative Chemistry

3.1 Chemical Measurements, Conservation of Mass and the Quantitative Interpretation of Chemical Equations 4 Topics

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3.1.1 Conservation of Mass and Balanced Chemical Equations

3.1.2 Relative Formula Mass

3.1.3 Mass Changes when a Reactant or Product is a Gas

3.1.4 Chemical Measurements

3.2 Use of Amount of Substance in Relation to Masses of Pure Substances 5 Topics

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3.2.1 Moles (HT only)

3.2.2 Amounts of Substances in Equations (HT only)

3.2.3 Using Moles to Balance Equations (HT only)

3.2.4 Limiting Reactants (HT only)

3.2.5 Concentration of Solutions

3.3 Yield and Atom Economy of Chemical Reactions 2 Topics

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3.3.1 Percentage Yield

3.3.2 Atom Economy

3.4 Using Concentrations of Solutions in mol/dm3 (HT only)

3.5 Use of Amount of Substance in Relation to Volumes of Gases (HT only)

4: Chemical Changes

4.1 Reactivity of Metals 4 Topics

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4.1.1 Metal Oxides

4.1.2 The Reactivity Series

4.1.3 Extraction of Metals and Reduction

4.1.4 Oxidation and Reduction in terms of Electrons (HT only)

4.2 Reactions of Acids 8 Topics

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4.2.1 Reactions of Acids with Metals

4.2.2 Neutralisation of Acids and Salt Production

4.2.3 Soluble Salts

Required Practical 1

4.2.4 The pH Scale and Neutralisation

4.2.5 Titrations

Required Practical 2

4.2.6 Strong and Weak Acids (HT only)

4.3 Electrolysis 6 Topics

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4.3.1 The Process of Electrolysis

4.3.2 Electrolysis of Molten Ionic Compounds

4.3.3 Using Electrolysis to Extract Metals

4.3.4 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions

Required Practical 3

4.3.5 Representation of Reactions at Electrodes as Half Equations (HT only)

5: Energy Changes

5.1 Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions 4 Topics

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5.1.1 Energy Transfer During Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions

Required Practical 4

5.1.2 Reaction Profiles

5.1.3 The Energy Change of Reactions (HT only)

5.2 Chemical Cells and Fuel Cells 2 Topics

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5.2.1 Cells and Batteries

5.2.2 Fuel Cells

6: The Rate and Extent of Chemical Change

6.1 Rate of Reaction 5 Topics

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6.1.1 Calculating Rates of Reactions

6.1.2 Factors Which Affect the Rates of Chemical Reactions

Required Practical 5

6.1.3 Collision Theory and Activation Energy

6.1.4 Catalysts

6.2 Reversible Reactions and Dynamic Equilibrium 7 Topics

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6.2.1 Reversible Reactions

6.2.2 Energy Changes and Reversible Reactions

6.2.3 Equilibrium

6.2.4 The Effect of Changing Conditions on Equilibrium (HT only)

6.2.5 The Effect of Changing Concentration (HT only)

6.2.6 The Effect of Temperature Changes on Equilibrium (HT only)

6.2.7 The Effect of Pressure Changes on Equilibrium (HT only)

7: Organic Chemistry

7.1 Carbon Compounds as Fuels and Feedstock 4 Topics

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7.1.1 Crude Oil, Hydrocarbons and Alkanes

7.1.2 Fractional Distillation and Petrochemicals

7.1.3 Properties of Hydrocarbons

7.1.4 Cracking and Alkenes

7.2 Reactions of Alkenes and Alcohols 4 Topics

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7.2.1 Structure and Formulae of Alkenes

7.2.2 Reactions of Alkenes

7.2.4 Carboxylic Acids

7.3 Synthetic and Naturally Occurring Polymers 4 Topics

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7.3.1 Addition Polymerisation

7.3.2 Condensation Polymerisation (HT only)

7.3.3 Amino Acids (HT only)

7.3.4 DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and Other Naturally Occurring Polymers

8: Chemical Analysis

8.1 Purity, Formulations and Chromatography 4 Topics

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8.1.1 Pure Substances

8.1.2 Formulations

8.1.3 Chromatography

Required Practical 6

8.2 Identification of Common Gases 4 Topics

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8.2.1 Test for Hydrogen

8.2.2 Test for Oxygen

8.2.3 Test for Carbon Dioxide

8.2.4 Test for Chlorine

8.3 Identification of Ions by Chemical and Spectroscopic Means 8 Topics

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8.3.1 Flame Tests

8.3.2 Metal Hydroxides

8.3.3 Carbonates

Required Practical 7

8.3.6 Instrumental Methods

8.3.7 Flame Emission Spectroscopy

9: Chemistry of the Atmosphere

9.1 The Composition and Evolution of the Earth’s Atmosphere 4 Topics

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9.1.1 The Proportions of Different Gases in the Atmosphere

9.1.2 The Earth’s Early Atmosphere

9.1.3 How Oxygen Increased

9.1.4 How Carbon Dioxide Decreased

9.2 Carbon Dioxide and Methane as Greenhouse Gases 4 Topics

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9.2.1 Greenhouse Gases

9.2.2 Human Activities which Contribute to an Increase in Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere

9.2.3 Global Climate Change

9.2.4 The Carbon Footprint and its Reduction

9.3 Common Atmospheric Pollutants and their Sources 2 Topics

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9.3.1 Atmospheric Pollutants from Fuels

9.3.2 Properties and Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants

10: Using Resources

10.1 Using the Earth’s Resources and Obtaining Potable Water 5 Topics

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10.1.1 Using the Earth’s Resources and Sustainable Development

10.1.2 Potable Water

Required Practical 8

10.1.3 Waste Water Treatment

10.1.4 Alternative Methods of Extracting Metals (HT only)

10.2 Life Cycle Assessment and Recycling 2 Topics

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10.2.1 Life Cycle Assessment

10.2.2 Ways of Reducing the Use of Resources

10.3 Using Materials 3 Topics

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10.3.1 Corrosion and its Prevention

10.3.2 Alloys as Useful Materials

10.3.3 Ceramics, Polymers and Composites

10.4 The Haber Process and the use of NPK Fertilisers 2 Topics

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10.4.1 The Haber Process

10.4.2 Production and uses of NPK Fertilisers

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